Solar cell module

Nthawi zambiri, gawo la cell cell limapangidwa ndi zigawo zisanu kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, kuphatikiza galasi la photovoltaic, filimu yomatira, chip cell, filimu yomatira, ndi ndege yakumbuyo:

(1) Galasi la Photovoltaic

Chifukwa cha mphamvu zosauka zamakina a cell single solar photovoltaic cell, ndizosavuta kuswa;Chinyezi ndi mpweya wowononga mumlengalenga udzasungunuka pang'onopang'ono ndikupangira dzimbiri ma elekitirodi, ndipo sungathe kupirira zovuta za ntchito yakunja;Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mphamvu yogwira ntchito ya maselo amodzi a photovoltaic nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono, yomwe imakhala yovuta kukwaniritsa zosowa za zipangizo zamagetsi.Chifukwa chake, ma cell a solar nthawi zambiri amasindikizidwa pakati pa gulu lolongedza ndi ndege yakumbuyo ndi filimu ya EVA kuti apange gawo losawoneka bwino la photovoltaic ndi ma CD ndi kulumikizana kwamkati komwe kungapereke kutulutsa kwa DC paokha.Ma module angapo a photovoltaic, ma inverters ndi zipangizo zina zamagetsi amapanga photovoltaic power generation system.

Pambuyo pa galasi la photovoltaic lomwe limaphimba gawo la photovoltaic, limatha kuonetsetsa kuti kuwala kwapamwamba kumadutsa, kotero kuti selo la dzuwa likhoza kupanga magetsi ambiri;Panthawi imodzimodziyo, galasi lolimba la photovoltaic lili ndi mphamvu zowonjezereka, zomwe zingapangitse maselo a dzuwa kupirira kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa mphepo ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha kwa diurnal.Chifukwa chake, galasi la photovoltaic ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri zama module a photovoltaic.

Maselo a Photovoltaic amagawidwa makamaka m'maselo a crystalline silicon ndi maselo oonda a kanema.Galasi la photovoltaic lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma cell a crystalline silicon makamaka limagwiritsa ntchito njira ya calendering, ndipo galasi la photovoltaic lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma cell opyapyala amatengera njira yoyandama.

(2) Kusindikiza filimu yomatira (EVA)

Kanema wopangira ma cell a solar amakhala pakati pa module ya solar cell, yomwe imakulunga pepala la cell ndipo imalumikizidwa ndi galasi ndi mbale yakumbuyo.Ntchito zazikulu za solar cell ma CD zomatira filimu zikuphatikizapo: kupereka thandizo structural zida dzuwa selo mzere, kupereka pazipita kuwala lumikiza pakati pa selo ndi ma radiation dzuwa, thupi kudzipatula selo ndi mzere, ndi kuchititsa kutentha kwaiye ndi selo, etc. Chifukwa chake, zopangira filimu zolongedza zimayenera kukhala ndi chotchinga cha nthunzi chamadzi, kutulutsa kowoneka bwino, kuchuluka kwa resistivity, kukana kwanyengo ndi magwiridwe antchito a anti PID.

Pakadali pano, filimu yomatira ya EVA ndiye filimu yomatira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuyika ma cell a solar.Pofika chaka cha 2018, msika wake uli pafupi 90%.Ili ndi zaka zopitilira 20 za mbiri yogwiritsa ntchito, yokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito oyenera komanso mtengo wokwera.Kanema womatira wa POE ndi filimu ina yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma CD a photovoltaic.Pofika chaka cha 2018, gawo lake la msika ndi pafupifupi 9% 5. Izi ndi ethylene octene copolymer, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga magalasi a dzuwa limodzi ndi ma modules a magalasi awiri, makamaka mu ma modules awiri a galasi.Kanema womatira wa POE ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri monga kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotchinga m'madzi, kutulutsa kowoneka bwino kowoneka bwino, kukana mphamvu zambiri, kukana kwanyengo komanso magwiridwe antchito a nthawi yayitali a anti PID.Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri owunikira a mankhwalawa amatha kusintha kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa dzuwa kwa gawoli, kuthandizira kukulitsa mphamvu ya gawoli, ndipo kumatha kuthana ndi vuto la filimu yomatira yoyera kusefukira pambuyo pa gawo lamination.

(3) Chip batri

Selo ya solar ya silicon ndi chipangizo chofananira ndi ma terminal awiri.Ma terminals awiriwa ali motsatana pamalo olandila kuwala komanso kumbuyo kwa silicon chip.

Mfundo yopangira mphamvu ya photovoltaic: Pamene photon imawala pazitsulo, mphamvu yake imatha kutengedwa ndi electron muzitsulo.Mphamvu yotengedwa ndi electron ndi yaikulu yokwanira kugonjetsa mphamvu ya Coulomb mkati mwa atomu yachitsulo ndikugwira ntchito, kuthawa pamwamba pazitsulo ndikukhala photoelectron.Atomu ya silicon ili ndi ma elekitironi anayi akunja.Ngati silicon koyera ndi doped ndi maatomu ndi ma elekitironi asanu akunja, monga maatomu phosphorous, amakhala N-mtundu semiconductor;Ngati silicon yoyera imapangidwa ndi ma atomu okhala ndi ma elekitironi atatu akunja, monga ma atomu a boroni, semiconductor yamtundu wa P imapangidwa.Mtundu wa P ndi mtundu wa N ukaphatikizidwa, malo olumikiziranawo apanga kusiyana komwe kungathe kukhala selo ladzuwa.Dzuwa likawalira pa mphambano ya PN, pompopompo imayenda kuchokera ku mbali ya mtundu wa P kupita ku mbali ya mtundu wa N, ndikupanga chapano.

Malingana ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, maselo a dzuwa amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: gulu loyamba ndi maselo a crystalline silicon solar, kuphatikizapo monocrystalline silicon ndi polycrystalline silicon.Kafukufuku wawo ndi chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito msika ndizozama kwambiri, ndipo kusinthika kwawo kwa photoelectric ndikokwera kwambiri, kutenga gawo lalikulu la msika wa chipangizo cha batri chamakono;Gulu lachiwiri ndi ma cell a solar amtundu wopyapyala, kuphatikiza mafilimu opangidwa ndi silicon, mankhwala ndi zinthu zachilengedwe.Komabe, chifukwa cha kusowa kapena kawopsedwe ka zinthu zopangira, kutembenuka kochepa, kusakhazikika bwino ndi zofooka zina, sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamsika;Gulu lachitatu ndi maselo atsopano a dzuwa, kuphatikizapo maselo a dzuwa a laminated, omwe pakali pano ali mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndipo lusoli silinakhwime.

Zida zazikulu zama cell a solar ndi polysilicon (yomwe imatha kupanga ndodo za crystal silicon imodzi, ingots za polysilicon, etc.).The ndondomeko kupanga makamaka zikuphatikizapo: kuyeretsa ndi akukhamukira, kufalikira, m'mphepete etching, dephosphorized pakachitsulo galasi, PECVD, chophimba kusindikiza, sintering, kuyezetsa, etc.

Kusiyana ndi ubale pakati pa gulu limodzi la kristalo ndi polycrystalline photovoltaic zimakulitsidwa apa

Single crystal ndi polycrystalline ndi njira ziwiri zamakono za crystalline silicon solar energy.Ngati kristalo imodzi ikufanizidwa ndi mwala wathunthu, polycrystalline ndi mwala wopangidwa ndi miyala yophwanyidwa.Chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana zakuthupi, kusinthika kwazithunzi za kristalo imodzi ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa polycrystal, koma mtengo wa polycrystal ndi wochepa.

Kuthekera kwa kutembenuka kwazithunzi kwa ma cell a solar a monocrystalline silicon ndi pafupifupi 18%, ndipo apamwamba kwambiri ndi 24%.Uku ndiye kusinthika kwapamwamba kwambiri kwazithunzi zamitundu yonse yama cell a solar, koma mtengo wake ndi wokwera.Chifukwa silicon ya monocrystalline nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi magalasi otenthedwa ndi utomoni wosalowa madzi, imakhala yolimba ndipo imakhala ndi moyo wazaka 25.

Njira yopanga ma cell a solar a polycrystalline silicon ndi ofanana ndi ma cell a solar a monocrystalline silicon, koma kutembenuka kwa photoelectric kwa maselo a dzuwa a polycrystalline silicon kuyenera kuchepetsedwa kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu yake yosinthira zithunzi ndi pafupifupi 16%.Pankhani ya mtengo wopanga, ndi wotsika mtengo kuposa ma cell a solar a monocrystalline silicon.Zipangizozi ndizosavuta kupanga, kupulumutsa mphamvu zamagetsi, ndipo mtengo wake wonse ndi wotsika.

Ubale pakati pa kristalo umodzi ndi polycrystal: polycrystal ndi kristalo imodzi yokhala ndi zolakwika.

Chifukwa cha kukwera kwa ndalama zogulira pa intaneti popanda thandizo komanso kusowa kwa malo omwe angathe kukhazikitsidwa, kufunikira kwa zinthu zabwino pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi kukukulirakulira.Chisamaliro cha Investors chasinthanso kuchoka pa liwiro lapitalo kupita ku gwero lapachiyambi, ndiko kuti, ntchito yopangira magetsi ndi kudalirika kwa nthawi yaitali kwa polojekiti yokha, yomwe ndi chinsinsi cha ndalama zamtsogolo zamagetsi.Panthawi imeneyi, teknoloji ya polycrystalline imakhalabe ndi ubwino pamtengo, koma mphamvu zake ndizochepa.

Pali zifukwa zambiri za kukula kwaulesi kwa teknoloji ya polycrystalline: kumbali imodzi, mtengo wafukufuku ndi chitukuko umakhalabe wokwera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mtengo wopangira njira zatsopano.Komano, mtengo wa zida ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri.Komabe, ngakhale mphamvu zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi komanso magwiridwe antchito a makristasi amodzi osatha kufikika kwa ma polycrystals ndi makristalo wamba amodzi, makasitomala ena omwe amasamala zamitengo adzakhalabe "osatha kupikisana" posankha.

Pakalipano, teknoloji yothandiza kwambiri ya crystal yapeza bwino pakati pa ntchito ndi mtengo.Kugulitsa kwa kristalo imodzi kumakhala kotsogola pamsika.

(4) Ndege yakumbuyo

The solar backplane ndi photovoltaic packaging material yomwe ili kumbuyo kwa solar cell module.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuteteza gawo la cell cell m'malo akunja, kukana dzimbiri za zinthu zachilengedwe monga kuwala, chinyezi ndi kutentha pafilimu yonyamula, tchipisi ta cell ndi zinthu zina, ndikuchita ntchito yoteteza kutentha kwanyengo.Popeza backplane ili kunja wosanjikiza kumbuyo kwa gawo PV ndi mwachindunji kulankhula ndi chilengedwe kunja, ayenera kukhala kwambiri mkulu ndi otsika kutentha kukana, kukana ultraviolet poizoniyu, chilengedwe kukana kukalamba, chotchinga madzi nthunzi, kutchinjiriza magetsi ndi zina. katundu kuti akwaniritse moyo wautumiki wazaka 25 wa module cell solar.Ndi kuwongolera kosalekeza kwa zofunikira zopangira mphamvu zamagetsi pamakampani a photovoltaic, zida zina zotsogola zam'mlengalenga zowoneka bwino kwambiri zimakhalanso ndi kuwala kwapamwamba kuti zithandizire kusinthika kwa ma photoelectric ma module a solar.

Malinga ndi kagawidwe kazinthu, ndege yam'mbuyo imagawika kwambiri kukhala ma polima organic ndi zinthu zopanda pake.Dongosolo lakumbuyo kwadzuwa nthawi zambiri limatanthawuza ma polima a organic, ndipo zinthu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi magalasi ambiri.Malinga ndi njira yopangira, pali mitundu yambiri yophatikizika, mtundu wa zokutira ndi mtundu wa coextrusion.Pakadali pano, ndege zam'mbuyo zam'mbuyo zimapitilira 78% yamsika wammbuyo.Chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa zida zamagalasi apawiri, gawo lamsika lagalasi lakumbuyo limaposa 12%, ndipo la ndege zokutira zam'mbuyo ndi zida zina zakumbuyo ndi pafupifupi 10%.

Zida zopangira ma solar backplane makamaka zimaphatikizapo filimu yoyambira ya PET, zinthu za fluorine ndi zomatira.PET base filimu makamaka amapereka kutchinjiriza ndi mawotchi katundu, koma kukana kwake nyengo ndi osauka;Zida za fluorine zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: filimu ya fluorine ndi fluorine yomwe ili ndi utomoni, yomwe imapereka kutsekemera, kukana nyengo ndi katundu wotchinga;Zomatirazo zimapangidwa makamaka ndi utomoni wopangira, wochiritsa, zowonjezera zogwira ntchito ndi mankhwala ena.Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumangiriza filimu yoyambira ya PET ndi filimu ya fluorine mumagulu am'mbuyo.Pakadali pano, ma backplanes apamwamba kwambiri a solar cell cell amagwiritsa ntchito zida za fluoride kuteteza filimu yoyambira ya PET.Chosiyana chokha ndikuti mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe kazinthu za fluoride zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizosiyana.Zinthu za fluorine zimaphatikizidwa pa filimu yoyambira ya PET ndi zomatira mu mawonekedwe a filimu ya fluorine, yomwe ndi yophatikizana yam'mbuyo;Imakutidwa mwachindunji pa filimu yoyambira ya PET mu mawonekedwe a fluorine yomwe ili ndi utomoni kudzera munjira yapadera, yomwe imatchedwa coated backplane.

Nthawi zambiri, gulu la backplane lili ndi magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri chifukwa cha kukhulupirika kwa filimu yake ya fluorine;Ndege yotchinga kumbuyo ili ndi mwayi wamtengo chifukwa cha mtengo wake wotsika.

Mitundu yayikulu ya composite backplane

Dongosolo lakumbuyo ladzuwa lophatikizika limatha kugawidwa kukhala filimu yakumbuyo yamitundu iwiri ya fluorine, filimu yakumbuyo ya fluorine yokhala ndi mbali imodzi, ndi ndege yaulere ya fluorine malinga ndi zomwe zili ndi fluorine.Chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kwa nyengo ndi mawonekedwe ena, ndi oyenera kumadera osiyanasiyana.Nthawi zambiri, kukana kwanyengo ku chilengedwe kumatsatiridwa ndi filimu yamtundu wa fluorine yokhala ndi mbali ziwiri, filimu ya fluorine ya mbali imodzi, ndi ndege yaulere ya fluorine, ndipo mitengo yawo nthawi zambiri imatsika.

Chidziwitso: (1) Kanema wa PVF (monofluorinated resin) amachotsedwa ku PVF copolymer.Kukonzekera kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti PVF yokongoletsera wosanjikiza imakhala yochepa komanso yopanda zilema monga pinholes ndi ming'alu yomwe imapezeka nthawi zambiri pa PVDF (difluorinated resin) kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kapena kupukuta.Choncho, kutchinjiriza wa PVF filimu kukongoletsa wosanjikiza ndi wapamwamba ❖ kuyanika PVDF.PVF filimu chophimba zinthu angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo ndi chilengedwe dzimbiri koipa;

(2) Popanga filimu ya PVF, makonzedwe owonjezera a ma molekyulu a molekyulu m'mbali mwautali komanso modutsa amalimbitsa kwambiri mphamvu zake zakuthupi, kotero kuti filimu ya PVF imakhala yolimba kwambiri;

(3) Kanema wa PVF ali ndi kukana kolimba komanso moyo wautali wautumiki;

(4) Pamwamba pa extruded PVF filimu ndi yosalala ndi wosakhwima, wopanda mikwingwirima, lalanje peel, yaying'ono makwinya ndi zolakwika zina opangidwa pamwamba pa wodzigudubuza ❖ kuyanika kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa.

Zochitika zoyenera

Chifukwa cha kukana kwake kwanyengo, filimu ya fluorine yopangidwa ndi mbali ziwiri imatha kupirira malo ovuta monga ozizira, kutentha kwambiri, mphepo ndi mchenga, mvula, ndi zina zotero, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kumapiri, chipululu, Gobi ndi madera ena;Kanema wamtundu umodzi wa fluorine wophatikiza kumbuyo ndi chinthu chochepetsera mtengo cha filimu yopangidwa ndi mbali ziwiri ya fluorine.Poyerekeza ndi mbali ziwiri za fluorine film composite backplane, wosanjikiza wake wamkati ali osauka ultraviolet kukana ndi kutentha dissipation, amene makamaka ntchito madenga ndi madera zolimbitsa cheza ultraviolet.

6, PV inverter

Popanga mphamvu ya dzuwa ya photovoltaic, mphamvu yopangidwa ndi ma photovoltaic arrays ndi mphamvu ya DC, koma katundu wambiri amafunika mphamvu ya AC.Dongosolo lamagetsi la DC lili ndi malire akulu, omwe siwoyenera kusintha ma voliyumu, komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito yolemetsa ndikochepa.Kupatula katundu wapadera wamagetsi, ma inverters amafunikira kuti asinthe mphamvu ya DC kukhala mphamvu ya AC.Photovoltaic inverter ndi mtima wa solar photovoltaic power generation system.Imatembenuza mphamvu ya DC yopangidwa ndi mphamvu ya photovoltaic yopangira mphamvu mu mphamvu ya AC yomwe imafunidwa ndi moyo kudzera mu teknoloji yosinthira mphamvu zamagetsi, ndipo ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zofunika kwambiri za photovoltaic power station.


Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-26-2022